Erntedankfest Thanksgiving in Germany

The first thing you learn when you begin researching Thanksgiving traditions—in the Americas, in Germany, or elsewhere—is that most of what we know about the holiday is bunk. For starters, where was the first Thanksgiving celebration in North America? Most people assume it was the well-known 1621 harvest celebration of the Pilgrims in New England. But beyond the many myths associated with that event, there are other claims to the first American Thanksgiving celebration. These include Juan Ponce De Leons landing in Florida in 1513, Francisco Và ¡squez de Coronados service of thanksgiving in the Texas Panhandle in 1541, as well as two claims for Thanksgiving observances in Jamestown, Virginia—in 1607 and 1610. Canadians claim that Martin Frobishers 1576 Thanksgiving on Baffin Island was the first. Of course, Native Americans, very much involved in the New England events, have their own perspective on all of this. Thanksgiving Outside the United States But the offering of thanks at harvest time is not unique to America. Such observances are known to have been held by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and many other cultures throughout history. The American celebration itself is a historically recent development, in fact, connected only tenuously to any of the so-called first thanksgivings. The American Thanksgiving of 1621 was all but forgotten until the 19th century. The 1621 event was not repeated, and what many consider the first authentic religious Calvinist Thanksgiving did not take place until 1623 in Plymouth Colony. Even then it was celebrated only occasionally in some regions for decades  and has only been a U.S. national holiday on the fourth Thursday in November since the 1940s. President Lincoln declared a national Day of Thanksgiving on October 3, 1863. But it was a one-time event, and future Thanksgiving observances were based on the whims of various presidents until President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a bill creati ng the current holiday in 1941. Canadians began their second-Monday-in-October Thanksgiving observance in 1957, although the official holiday actually goes back to 1879, making it a much older national observance than the U.S. holiday. Canadas Thanksgiving  has been  celebrated annually on November 6th until it was moved to Monday, giving Canadians a long weekend. Canadians adamantly deny any connection between their Thanksgiving and the American Pilgrim tradition. They prefer to claim the English explorer Martin Frobisher and his 1576 Thanksgiving on what is now Baffin Island—which they assert was the real first Thanksgiving in North America, beating the Pilgrims by 45 years (but not the Florida or Texas claims). Thanksgiving in German Europe has a long tradition, but one that is different in many ways from that in North America. First of all, the Germanic Erntedankfest (harvest festival of thanks) is primarily a rural and a religious celebration. When it is celebrated in larger cities, it is usually part of a church service and not anything like the big traditional family holiday in North America. Although it is celebrated locally and regionally, none of the German-speaking countries observe an official national Thanksgiving holiday on a particular day, as in Canada or the U.S. Thanksgiving in German Europe In German-speaking countries,  Erntedankfest  is often celebrated on the first Sunday in October, which is usually also the first Sunday following  Michaelistag  or  Michaelmas  (29 Sept.), but various locales may give thanks at different times during September and October. This puts the Germanic Thanksgiving closer to Canadas Thanksgiving holiday in early October. A typical  Erntedankfest  celebration at Berlins  Evangelisches Johannesstift Berlin  (the Protestant/evangelische  Johannesstift Church) is an all-day affair held in late September. A typical  Fest  begins with a service at 10:00 am. A Thanksgiving procession is held at 2:00 pm and concludes with the presenting of the traditional harvest crown (Erntekrone). At 3:00 pm, theres music (von Blasmusik bis Jazz), dancing, and food inside and outside the church. A 6:00 pm evening service is followed by a lantern and torch parade (Laternenumzug) for the kids—with fireworks! The ceremonies end around 7:00 pm. The churchs website has photos and video of the latest celebration. Some aspects of the New Worlds Thanksgiving celebration have caught on in Europe. Over the past few decades,  Truthahn  (turkey) has become a popular dish, widely available in German-speaking countries. The New World bird is valued for its tender, juicy meat, slowly usurping a more traditional goose (Gans) on special occasions. (And like the goose, it can be stuffed and prepared in similar fashion.) But the Germanic Erntedankfest is still not a big day of family get-togethers and feasting like it is in America. There are some turkey substitutes, usually so-called  Masthà ¼hnchen, or chickens bred to be fattened up for more meat.  Der Kapaun  is a castrated rooster that is fed until hes heavier than the average rooster and ready for a feast.  Die Poularde  is the hen equivalent, a sterilized pullet that is also fattened up (gemà ¤stet). But this is not something done just for Erntedankfest. While Thanksgiving in the U.S. is the traditional start of the Christmas shopping season, in Germany the unofficial starting date is Martinstag on November 11. (It used to be more significant as the start of 40 days of fasting before Christmas.) But things really dont get started for  Weihnachten  until the first  Adventsonntag  (Advent Sunday) around December 1.

The U.S. Census reported that 1.6 million individuals...

The U.S. Census reported that 1.6 million individuals under the age of 18 were arrested in 2010, a substantial increase from previous years (OJJDP, 2012; US Census Bureau, 2012). Of those individuals detained, over nine percent were convicted as juveniles and entered into a juvenile detention facility (Risler, 2009). Approximately 500,000 children are currently in the foster care system, while almost 300,000 have medical problems, have neurological impairs, and developmental delays (Earls, 2013). In addition, they were all exposed to some degree of critical abuse or neglect, leaving almost 80 percent of those children with serious emotional difficulties (Earls, 2013). As a result of various complications, emotional disturbances, and†¦show more content†¦There is a financial burden on each county, where it costs approximately each province $125,000 a year for each juvenile detained, and the state $226 million (Heller de Leon Teji, 2012). The state of California in itself c ontributes $25 billion each year to prevent, combat juvenile crimes, and delinquency (California Legislative Analyst’s Office, 2007). Each state correctional facility cost more than $180,000 due to the increased staff ratios and plans required to maintain the correctional facilities (California Legislative Analyst’s Office, 2007). According to the state, there were about 186,000 juvenile arrests made in 2010, including 52,000 juvenile felony arrests (LAO, 2012). In 2010, California had the 10th highest rate of juvenile incarceration in the nation (CDFCA, 2012). The Los Angeles Juvenile Justice System annually averages over 60,000 arrests of juveniles between the ages of 10-17. In Los Angeles, the overall population of this age range is 3 million (Comprehensive Multi-Agency Juvenile Justice Plan, 2001). The concept of realignment was brought to local counties, through implementation of the state, while also introducing rehabilitative services for adults in 2011. The purpose was to â€Å"close the revolving door of low-level inmates entering in and out of California’s prisons (CDCR, 2014). In October 2011, California responded toShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pageswhen Donald Borwhat, Jr., took over as Senior Vice President of Human Resources, he and his staff began by restructuring and decentralizing the HR entity so that each functional area of the company has an HR manager assigned to it. The HR managers were expected to be key contributors to their areas by becoming knowledgeable about the business issues faced by their business functional units. Today, HR managers participate in developing business strategies and ensure that human resource dimensionsRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesSacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the

Non Discrimination Policies Of The Home Depot Company Essay

Non-Discrimination Policy Name: Course Name: Course Instructor: Date of Submission: Non-Discrimination Policy Companies that discriminate on basis of a host of job-irrelevant issues, comprising race, sexual orientation, gender, disability, age and ethnicity put themselves at a competitive disadvantage as opposed to companies that appraise employees solely on their credentials and qualifications to work well. Given the high rates of discrimination encountering the workforce today, discrimination based on racial discrimination and sexual orientation represents an actual hazard to the profitability of companies (Oeo.tufts.edu, 2015). This essay discusses the non-discrimination policy of the Home depot company. Discrimination against worker on basis of their sexual orientation and racial discrimination adversely affects the economic performance of companies in the various ways: First, in the business environment the new truth is one that puts a premium on gifted labor. Therefore, companies must make hiring verdicts solely based on an applicant’s qualifications and capabilities that associate to performance on the task if they are to outdo the rivalry. When companies hire persons on the grounds of job-irrelevant aspects such as racial discrimination and sexual orientation businesses are left with an inferior workforce that weakens their capability to produce healthy returns (Oeo.tufts.edu, 2015). Racial discrimination and sexual orientation in theShow MoreRelatedDescription Of The Home Depot Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesDescription of Firm and Business Model The Home Depot, which was founded in 1978, has established itself as the largest home improvement retailer in the world, earning them the 28th rank on the Fortune 500 list. They boast an impressive 2,200 stores, 385,000 associates and reported annual revenue of $88.5 billion in 2015. 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Royal Borough of Greenwich Freecycle is a company registered in England with company number xxxxxxx) Copyright: Copyright gives the creator of certain types of material rights to control the use or commercial exploitation of that material. This includes material published on the internet. So you cannot use someoneRead MoreCase 1 Fordlandia2871 Words   |  12 Pagesthis time the wealthiest man on the planet ï‚ § Mass production of Ford Model T ï‚ § Efficiency driven ï‚ § Fordism, social engineering ï‚ § 5 Dollar wage, eventually enabling Ford workers to afford a Model T ï‚ § Rise of middle class ï‚ § Vertically integrated company ï‚ § However, one major exception: rubber for tire production ï‚ § Natural rubber had mainly been sourced from British plantations in Southeast Asia 6 Fordlà ¢ndia ï‚ § Henry Ford’s decision to establish plantation in Amazon basin ï‚ § Aim: to decrease dependence

Essay on The Awakening Self-Empowerment of Older Adults

The dictionary defines self-empowerment to mean an individual who is in control of his or her life and views the trials they face in life in a positive way. It is also about building self-esteem and confidence. With the right kind of motivation, a person can be empowered to have a happier life as they move through the transitions of aging. To be truly self-empowered means that you have the ability inside yourself to know what is really best for you. Therefore, your actions reflect the power of your own strength that you take from making your own decisions. If one is empowered, it is the same as having a clear vision of where to go and how to get there. This knowledge also implies self-belief, self-trust and self-leadership. As unique as†¦show more content†¦People need to feel empowered in their lives in order to feel satisfaction, be motivated to welcome each day as a new experience of joyfulness, and continue to have a purpose. Of prime importance in someone’s li fe is the feeling that they make a difference and that their thoughts and deeds still matter. When we are younger, we are usually the apple of our parent’s eyes. Everything we do and say is important. As we mature and have families of our own, what we do and say has direct importance to the members of our households and, as parents, we are empowered by raising our children and fostering a successful relationship with our significant others. In our careers, what we do and say also matters, and we are rewarded in our paychecks, as well as by the respect of our colleagues. A typical problem for many aging adults is in feeling a loss of power. I would like to relate a personal experience I recently had that I believe supports the importance of recognizing an individual’s worth, and acting in such a way so as to empower that person, instead of diminishing them. In my community there is a chorale group that performs for local nursing homes and assisted living facilities. They sing songs, they interact with the people attending their performances and they are very dedicated in the service work that they do. They are all seniors as well, in their late 60s, 70s and 80s. TheyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article The Accidents Of Nature By Harriet Mcbryde Johnson Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesThe article Redefining Normal: A Critical Analysis of (Dis)ability in Young Adult Literature by Jen Scott Curwood discusses the importance of proper disability representation in young adult literature for the benefit of school children. Curwood writes y oung adult literature should not only provide accurate portrayals of individuals with disabilities, but must offer themes that are not didactic, condescending, or pedantic (Curwood, 18) because literature about disabilities and differences canRead MoreThe Parrot And The Mockingbird1402 Words   |  6 PagesCowardice). Even though one might argue that the suicides are an act of liberation and empowerment as they free the protagonists from the tied down society they live in,they are actually finding an easy solution to the problems they have encountered. The protagonists especially Edna could have approached the situation differently. Why would Chopin give her character so much development and growth just to lead her to a tragic self death? 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The Ultimate Handbook to Personal Essay Student Samples

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Research on corporate accountability report - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1. From your firms, financial statement, list each item of equity and write your understanding of each item. Discuss any changes in each item of equity for your firm over the past year articulating the reasons for the change. 2. What is your firms' tax expense in its latest financial statements? 3. Is this figure the same as the company tax rate times your firms accounting income? Explain why this is, or is not, the case for your firm. 4. Comment on deferred tax assets/liabilities that is reported in the balance sheet articulating the possible reasons why they have been recorded. 5. Is there any current tax assets or income tax payable recorded by your company? Why is the income tax payable not the same as income tax expense? 6. Is the income tax expense shown in the income statement same as the income tax paid shown in the cash flow statement? If not why is the difference? 7. What do you find interesting, confusing, surprising or difficult to understand about the treatment of tax in your firms financial statements? What new insights, if any, have you gained about how companies account for income tax as a result of examining your firms tax expense in its accounts? Answers: Answer 1: As evident from the annual report of Nextdc Limited it is found that under the heads of Equity the company reported a contributed equity of 524,458 for the year ended 30 June 2017 while in the following year of 2016 the company reported an equity of 375,507. Under the heads of equity, the company reported reserves of 4,990 for the year 2017 in respect to the figures of 3,534 for the year 2016. The company also reported an accumulated loss of (22,917) for the year ended 2017 whereas the previous year figures stood (45,913). The ordinary shares remain entitled to the shareholder so that can participate in the dividends together with the earnings on closure of the business in respect to the number of and values that is paid on the shares that is held (Smith 2014). Answer 2: The income tax expenses that is reported by the company for the year ended 2017 stood 10,172. Answer 3: The income tax expenditure that is reported during the accounting year is the tax that is payable on the present period of assessable revenue. This is depending upon the applicable amount of the income tax rate in Australia together with the accustomed alterations in the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities that is attributable to the provisional differences and the idle tax losses (Zadek, Evans and Pruzan 2013). The current amount of tax that is charged is computed based on the laws of tax that is incorporated or practically endorsed during the conclusion of the accounting period. The management of the corporation intermittently assess the position that is taken in the tax returns concerning the situations that is applicable in the tax regulations that is subjected to regulations. The tax rate reported by the company in respect to the accounting income stood at a rate of 30% with no change in the percentage of tax for the company. Answer 4: The deferred tax assets that is reported by the firm on the end of the accounting year 30 June 2017 stood 15,030 while in the year 2016 the total amount of deferred tax assets that is reported by the company stood 5,471. On the other hand, the total amount of deferred tax liabilities that has been reported by the corporation on the end of the accounting year 30 June 2017 stood 2,429 while in the previous year of 2,657. The deferred tax assets that is identified for deductible provisional differences and idle amount of tax losses given that it is likely that the forthcoming amount tax would be obtainable to use the provisional differences and losses (Lys, Naughton and Wang 2015). The deferred amount of tax assets and liabilities is usually offset when there is lawfully enforceable right in order to offset the present tax assets along with the liabilities and when the deferred balance is associated with the identical taxation authority (Christensen 2015). Additionally, the current tax assets and the current tax liabilities that is reported by the company is offset when the company has lawfully enforceable right to offset and would intend to either one of the net base or with the objective of realising the asset and resolve the liability concurrently. Answer 5: The current amount of tax that is payable on the profit generated by the company on the end of the accounting year 30 June 2017 stood $4,424. The income tax payable is not as same as the income tax expenses because the current tax payable is identified in the profit and loss, excluding the extent to which it is associated with the items that is identified in the other comprehensive income or it is directly in equity (Busco et al. 2013). In this case, the current amount of tax payable is identified in the other comprehensive income or unswervingly under the equity correspondingly. Answer 6: The taxable income expenses that is reported by the company in the income statement stood 10,172 whereas it is noteworthy to denote that the no amount of tax expenses is reported by the firm in the statement of cash flow. The company did not report any income tax expenses in the statement of cash flow because there are certain transactions and computations that has been undertaken in the ordinary business course for the reason of this the ultimate amount of tax determination is not certain (Deegan 2013). Therefore, it can considered that the company has not reported an income tax expenses in the cash flow since the uncertainty of the transactions during the ordinary course of business and an appropriate judgement is needed in the determination of the provision for income taxes. Answer 7: On an interesting note it is learnt that the current amount of income tax that is charged is computed by the company based on the tax laws that has been legislated or fundamentally applied following the end of the reported in Australia. Interestingly the management of the firm on periodical basis assess the positions undertaken in determination of the tax returns concerning the situations in which the applicable amount of tax regulations is subjected to interpretations (Christensen 2015). However, there were difficulties in understanding the tax expenses payable by the company since the statement of cash flow did not stated the amount which the company has paid. On an important note it is found that the company was uncertain regarding the transactions that would take place in the ordinary course of the business and it was difficult to understand that the appropriate judgement was required by the firm in ascertaining the provision of income tax. Considerably on an interesting note the deferred tax assets that was identified for the purpose of deductions represented the temporary differences and the unused amount of tax losses represents the future amount of tax that would be available to make use of the temporary differences and losses (Ramanna 2013). The company identifies the deferred tax in the profit and loss given the extent to which it is associated with the items identified in the additional comprehensive statement of income or in equity directly. Reference Busco, C., Frigo, M.L., Quattrone, P. and Riccaboni, A., 2013. Redefining corporate accountability through integrated reporting: What happens when values and value creation meet?.Strategic Finance,95(2), pp.33-42. Christensen, D.M., 2015. Corporate accountability reporting and high-profile misconduct.The Accounting Review,91(2), pp.377-399. Christensen, D.M., 2015. Corporate accountability reporting and high-profile misconduct.The Accounting Review,91(2), pp.377-399. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Lys, T., Naughton, J.P. and Wang, C., 2015. Signaling through corporate accountability reporting.Journal of Accounting and Economics,60(1), pp.56-72. Ramanna, K., 2013. A framework for research on corporate accountability reporting.Accounting Horizons,27(2), pp.409-432. Smith, N.C., 2014.Morality and the Market (Routledge Revivals): Consumer Pressure for Corporate Accountability. Routledge. Zadek, S., Evans, R. and Pruzan, P., 2013.Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge.

Puritanical Islam Essay Sample free essay sample

The puritan attack to Islam is revered by the more conservative members of the Muslim community as necessary and. at the same clip. is ardently denounced by modernists. As highlighted by the differences in Islamic idea by modernists. such as Khaled Abu El Fadl. and that of more traditional minds. including Sayyid Qutb. Abu-L-‘Ala’ Mawdudi. and Ayatullah Ruhullah Khumayni. there are clear divisions between the two groups. These divergencies between the two groups are highlighted through their sentiments toward the nature of rational thought. Islamic jurisprudence. authorities. and modernism. Puritanical Islam is a motion by which Muslims seek to return to the â€Å"pure† and Orthodox pattern of the basicss of Islam. as exemplified in the Quran and the life of the Prophet Mohammed ( El Fadl 2005. 82-87 ) . It is an apprehension of the Quran and spiritual texts. in their actual signifier. as ultimate spiritual authorization that must be adhered excessively in every f acet of a Muslim’s day-to-day life. We will write a custom essay sample on Puritanical Islam Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However. non all Muslims adhere to the puritan attack to Islam. and therefore. there are clear differentiations that separate modernist Muslims. such as El Fadl. and puritan advocators. Even though both groups do revere and consecrate the basicss of Islam. they understand and adhere to them otherwise. Modernists apply reason to spiritual texts. utilizing the basicss of Islam as a means to understand modern times. and implement their apprehensions consequently. On the other manus. Puritans deny the usage of reason in adhering to the Quran and Sunnah. and understand them in their actual sense. denying anything that diverges from the written word ( El Fadl 2005. 128-29 ) . Therefore. modernist minds describe Puritans as being unaccepting of any Islamic legal expert or spiritual figure who is non a rigorous â€Å"literalist. † which wholly denounces the beauty of the human head and its ability to utilize reason as a beginning for understanding ( El Fadl 2005. 96-97 ) . Furthermore. the function that reason dramas in the Muslim reading of spiritual texts. leads to an apprehension of Islamic jurisprudence that is clearly different between modernists and puritan min ds. Islamic jurisprudence. harmonizing to el Fadl. can be interpreted utilizing historical histories. and reason. leting it to set harmonizing to modern times. and in bend. modern-day state of affairss. However. because puritan minds denounce the usage of reason in Islamic idea. and believe that Islamic jurisprudence is meant to be understood in its actual signifier. without respect for its historical context. there is a strong divide between modernist and puritan minds on this subject. Modernists understand Islamic jurisprudence as a human reading of Sharia. known as fiqh. which unlike Sharia. is non godly or ageless. Fiqh is the human reading of Sharia Law and is capable to â€Å"error. change. development. and nullification. † ( El Fadl 2005. 150 ) . Harmonizing to El Fadl. it is so chesty for puritan trusters to believe that they â€Å"successfully comprehend† ( El Fadl 2005. 150 ) what ageless jurisprudence is. and because of that. merely use fiqh to affairs that are n on straight addressed by God in the Quran or Sunnah. In conformity with El Fadl’s analysis of puritan thought. Sayyid Qutb presents that Godhead jurisprudence and metaphysical concerns do non let for interpretative idea. and implies that rational thought can merely be applied to the scientific disciplines and proficient professions ( Qutb 2002. 193-208 ) . Thinkers such as Mawdudi do use historical context to represent the instructions of the Quran. but do non let for an reading of the Quran based on historical events. Mawdudi makes usage of historical context to learn values and Torahs. connoting that illustrations brought Forth by the prophesier in his instructions have a clear aim that must be adhered excessively irrespective of alterations in society ( Mawdudi 2002. 208-15 ) . Furthermore. the rigorous application of Islamic jurisprudence to human behavior and political relations observed by Puritans straight affects their belief in a demand for an Islamic province. The puritan rigorous reading of Islamic jurisprudence influ ences its stance on Muslim authorities and morality to a big grade. Harmonizing to El Fadl. Puritans seek to use Quranic rules irrespective of the deductions: extenuation of justness. deficiency of clemency. and debased equity ( El Fadl 2005. 163-70 ) . It is besides mentioned that Puritan minds tend to trust on their actual apprehension of Islamic historical legal power. peculiarly determinations enforced by the Islamic Caliphate or the â€Å"rightly guided† . to warrant a coercive signifier of Islam that is upheld by authorities ( El Fadl 2005. 197 ) . First. even though El Fadl claims a separation between puritan thought and justness. puritan minds such as Khumayni. place Islamic jurisprudence. and in bend its enforcement through authorities action. as the lone agencies by which to accomplish true justness ( Khumayni 2007. 333-5 ) . Harmonizing to Khumayni justness and societal freedom can merely be achieved through the unchanged application of Sharia. which can merely be implemented through the supervising of a â€Å"perfect authorities. † as prescribed by God ( Khumayni 2007. 339 ) . He besides mentions that if an Muslim authorities is non put in topographic point by the Ummah. so they participate in a signifier o f devotion. as they obey and follow the Torahs and impressions of a false God ( mentioning to any important figure non set into power by God: despotic swayers. authorities figures. and presidents of republican authoritiess ) . The impression of holding an Muslim authorities. set Forth by justly guided swayers. is strongly disputed by El Fadl. as he presets that worlds are incapable of understanding Sharia. and can merely trust on fiqh. which gives manner to human mistake. Thus. El Fadl disagrees with the thought that a perfect signifier of authorities can be achieved through the human application of Sharia. and alternatively. brings forth the thought that a democratic authorities that allows for â€Å"check and balances. † is of a more perfect and merely nature ( El Fadl 2005. 197-98 ) . Additionally. El Fadl and Qutb portion the thought that puritanical trusters must insulate themselves from western civilization. and overemphasize piousness in times when they deem necessary. As stated by Qutb. â€Å"if in any age we find desire to overemphasise the pietistic facet of the religion and divorce it from societal facet. or to disassociate societal facet from it. it will be at mistake of that age. inste ad than on Islam. † ( Qutb 2007. 103 ) . Therefore. it can be derived that a push for an Muslim authorities by puritanical leaders is an attempt to eliminate modernisation brought upon the Islamic community by altering times and western civilization. In understanding the positions of puritanical minds. and that of groups that are opposed to such positions. one can break understand the generalisations that each group makes about one another. and recognize that both hold an utmost position of each other’s attack to Islam. Puritanical minds deem it necessary to implement Sharia into society. and preach the demand for an Islamic signifier of authorities that allows for justness and release from immorality. On the other manus. modernists hold the positions of puritan minds as ungrounded. and as defying of the human ability to ground. Modernists such as El Fadl believe in democratic authorities. and an execution of fiqh. the human appreciation of Sharia. that is in line with modernisation and modern-day times. Plants Cited Fadl. Abou El. 2005. The Great Larceny: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists. New York: Harper Collins. Khumayni. Ruhullah Ayatulla. 2007. Muslim Government. 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